Деніел Деннет про функціональний характер людської самосвідомості

Abstract

У статті розглядається філософська концепція персональної ідентичності запропонована американським мислителем Деніелом Деннетом. Базуючись на головних наукових роботах філософа, автор дослідження описує специфічну «модель багаторазових нарисів», що пропонується в якості заміни розповсюдженому нині центризму Картезіанського Его.

In the article the philosophical concept of personal identity proposed by the American philosopher Daniel Dennett. Based on the major scientific works of the philosopher, author of the study describes a specific «Multiple Drafts Model», which is offered as a replacement to a widespread Cartesian Ego centrism. The self-consciousness concept in philosophical system of the American philosopher is based on his own understanding of the nature of human mind. Being the opponent of idea of the soul and body dualism, Dennett suggests to refuse non-constructive mixture of mental and physical predicates on advantage of the functional approach to a consciousness problem. The principle of functional research of consciousness, in turn, assumes to use two methodological innovations – exterior intentionality and heterophenomenology. The first concept is connected with objective predisposition of the individual to any sort to action, which is set by surrounding conditions of his existence. The second describes a general philosophical project on achievement of objective knowledge about human consciousness that can be described bot only by means of intuition but also in terms of external contemplation. Dennett underlines, that a typical representation about selfhood is based on the statement that to any judgement, image or mental phenomenon there should be corresponded some «point of view». The point of view is a certain position in space of consciousness from which a person perceives and reconstructs a beheld phenomenon. Dennett asserts, that the presence of such «central place» of our mind is nothing more than an illusion because there is no unique reference point in our brain from which any thoughts and impressions would be systematized. Multiple Drafts Model, represented by the philosopher, is an attempt to deny the Cartesian Ego-centralized tradition by means of declaring selfhood as the center of «narrative gravity».